Activating Prior Knowledge: Wordle
Northunion
free north many northerners abolitionists freedom northern Grant |
SouthAfrica
slaves slavery plantations Carolina Southerners south battles Lee |
Slavery was a big reason why we had the Civil War. The South had slaves and the Northerners did not like that idea. Because the South was afraid that after Lincoln was elected President that they would make a law outlawing slavery, the South decided to seceed from the Union. They formed their own new country called the Conferederate States of America. President Lincoln did not like this and decided they were not going to do this and he sent in troops to stop this. This was the beginning of the Civil War. It ended with the North winning and slavery was outlawed.
The South vs. the North
South: Agricultural |
North: Industrial |
The South had a agricultural society because they had a
lot of farms and rural areas. |
The North had an industrial society because they had a
lot of big cities and factories. |
Differences Between the North and the South
SouthGeography: Lots of land for farming. Large plantations with cotton. Fertile soil. Temperate climate.
Economy: Agricultural economy that grew cash crops like cotton and tobacco. Lots of farms. Labor Source: Slaves did most of the work on the plantations. The invention of cotton gin actual caused the need more slaves to work in the fields. Education: Only the wealthy got to get an education. |
NorthGeography: Small farms with food crops. Rocky soil. Short growing season. Lots of rivers for shipping goods to factories.
Economy: Industrial economy that had a lot of factories. They also did shipbuilding. Labor Source: Immigrants that moved here from other countries were a cheap source of labor. Education: The North had a well established education system. They believed that reading the Bible was importnat. The type of education depended on if you were rich or poor, and whether you were a boy or a girl. |
The South had lots of farms and land. The North did not. The North had an Industrial economy while the South depended on agriculture. The South relied on their slaves for their labor force while the North relied on cheap immigrant labor. As for education, only the rich were educated in the South while in the North it was more important. In the North, the type of education also depended on who you were.
A Nation Divided
There were many differences between the North and South which led to them being divided. The North and South had different beliefs about government.
Causes of the Civil War
SECTIONALISM |
Divided: to be apart
The South and North were very divided before the Civil War due to the differences between the North and South. The South was loyal to the South and the North was loyal to the North. Even though the North and the South were a part of the U.S. they acted like 2 seperate countries. |
STATE'S RIGHTS |
The idea that states have the right to make decisions about issues that concern them.
Southerners believed in states' rights because they felt that they should be able to have slaves and that it should be the states decision not the federal government. They wanted a weaker federal government and a strong state government. This went aganist the ideas in the Constitution because it takes power from the people. |
ELECTION OF 1860 |
The southern states feared that if Abraham Lincoln was elected they would lose power in the government and as new states were admitted they would be free states. This loss of power in the House of Representatives might lead to the federal government
outlawing slavery throughout the United States. When Lincoln won the Election of 1860, many in the South thought that Lincoln would free the slaves because he was a Republican even though he repeatedly said that he would keep slavery in the states in which it already existed. |
SECESSION |
The Southernern states broke away from the United States after the Election of 1860. The Southernern states were scared that with Lincoln as president, he would abolish slavery. They formed their own country called The Confederate States of America. Jefferson
Davis was the president of the Confederate States of America. |
Leaders of the Civil War
Civil War Begins
Firing on Fort Sumter
Who or What?:Civil War Begins: Firing on Fort Sumter
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Important Details:1. The first shot was fired on April 12, 1861.
2. The Confederate government wanted control of the fort, but Lincoln refused to surrender it. 3. Confederate leaders saw the refusal to surrender Fort Sumter as an act of war. They ordered cannons to fire on the Fort. 4. At last, the soldiers in the fort had to surrender. |
Number of Words Summary:The first battle of the Civil War was the battle of Fort Sumter. Since the fort was in southern territory the Confederate thought it was theirs'. Then the Confederate started firing on the fort and finally the Union had to give it to
the South. |
Civil War Strategies
The North wanted to weaken the South to invade them. They used the Anaconda Plan. An Anaconda is a large snake that squeezes its prey to death. The North wanted to use the plan of squeezing the South. The plan had four parts.
1. The North would close their ports. This way they could not get anything in or out. 2. They wanted to split the Confederacy into two parts with the Mississippi River hoping that would weaken them. 3. To increase doubt and confusion from the inside by destroying the railroads and telegraph systems. 4. To attack the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia. |
The South wanted to fight a defensive fight and just defend themselves. They thought that because Britian depended on their cotton, that Britain would help them out. Most of the wars were fought on Southern soil. Only two were fought on Northern Soil.
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Civil War Generals
The Emancipation Proclamation
Who or What?:Emancipation Proclamation
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Important Details:1. The Emancipation Proclamation was an order issued by President Lincoln that freed the slaves in the states that were fighting against the Union.
2. Since the Confederate states did not recognize the authority of the President of the United States, they did not obey his order. 3. It did not free the slaves that were living in the states that remained loyal to the United States (the border states). |
Number of Words Summary:The Emancipation Proclamation was when Lincoln order that all slaves be freed in the South. The
South did not follow his orders and the South kept their slaves. |
Abolitionists
William Lloyd GarrisonHe was the publisher of the newspaper called the Liberator. He used his newspaper to tell everyone that slavery was wrong and should be ablolished. The Liberator was banned in the south. He formed The Anti-Slavery Society. This society published books that called for the freeing of slaves.
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Sojourner TruthShe was born a slave in New York but she escaped. She was the first african-american women to gain recognition as an anti-slavery speaker. She spoke about rights for african-americans and women. She was a very powerful speaker and people loved to listen to her. She was made a counselor for freed slaves by Abraham Lincoln.
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Frederick DouglassHe learned to read and write as a slave. He later escaped slavery and became a speaker for the anti-slavery movement. He encouraged Abraham Lincoln to free the slaves. He also recuited african-americans to fight in the Civil War for the Union. Even after the war, he continued to fight for the rights of african-americans and women.
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Harriet TubmanShe was an escaped slave that was well known for her success as a conductor on the Underground Railroad. She was known as Moses to her people because she helped a lot of slaves find their freedom.
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Harriet Beecher StoweShe was a famous author that wrote the book "Uncle Tom's Cabin" which told many people how bad slavery was. She wrote the book in response to the Fugitive Slave Act. Many times she disagreed with Lincoln on freeing the slaves.
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John BrownHe was an abolitionist that migrated to Kansas after the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed. He and his sons participated in violent raids that gave the territory the nickname of "Bleeding Kansas". He led an unsuccessful raid in Harper's Ferry, Virginia that ended up with him being captured and hanged.
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Battle of Gettysburg
Who or What?Battle of Gettysburg
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Important Details1. The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the deadliest and most important battles of the Civil War.
2. The South suffered more than 28,000 casualties. 3. This battle was the “turning point” of the Civil War because the Confederate Army was so severely wounded that they never had the strength or manpower to invade and fight in the North again. |
Number of Word SummaryThe Battle of Gettysburg was the deadliest battle in the Civil War. The South had more than 28,000 casualties. This was called the turning point because the Confedercay did not have many soldiers and they lost even more because of these casualties. They lost 10 precent due to casualties. The South was never able to recover after this battle.
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The Gettysburg Address
Who or What?The Gettysburg Address
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Why did Lincoln choose the Gettysburg Battle Field to give the speech?That was where the people fought and he did not want them to die in vain.
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Why was the speech given?It was given to honor those that fought and gave there lives to end slavery.
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What was the goal of Lincoln speech?To end slavery and make the South come together with the Union. He also said "The government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." This means he did not want the nation to die and the soldiers to keep fighting.
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Roles of African Americans in the Civil War
By late 1861, parts of the South Carolina's Low country were under Union control and the First SC Colored Volunteers became the first black unit recognized by the Union Army. Many African Americans joined segregated units commanded by white officers. The most famous was the 54th
Massachusetts that led the attack on Fort Wagner outside of Charleston. African Americans aided themselves and the Union causes as liberators, spies, guides and messengers, including Harriet Tubman.
Massachusetts that led the attack on Fort Wagner outside of Charleston. African Americans aided themselves and the Union causes as liberators, spies, guides and messengers, including Harriet Tubman.
African Americans in the North and South
How are they alike?They both were put in the service.
They both aided the Union and Confederacy. They both fought over the issue of slavery. They both wanted to fight for the North. |
How are they different?The North would protect African Americans, but the South worked them.
The North wanted slavery abolished, but the South fought the Civil War to keep slavery. At first the war was being fought to preserve the Union not to free slaves. Slaves in the South were forced to fight, but in the North they were not. |
Surrender at the Appomattox Courthouse
Who or What?Surrender at the Appomattox Courthouse
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Important Details:1.After four years of fighting, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia.
2.The end came because Lee's troops were exhausted and without supplies. 3.The Confederate army and Confederate economy had also been decimated (devastated) by four years of war against a larger, stronger, wealthier Union. |
Number of Word Summary:The Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse was when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant. They did this because the South was
devasted and without supplies. |
Assassination of President Lincoln
Who or What?Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
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When did it occur?4 days after the Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
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Why did John Wilkes Booth kill Lincoln?John Wilkes Booth was upset that the South lost the war. He hoped that by killing Lincoln the North would get upset and the war would continue.
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What happened as a result of the Assassnation?Lincoln could not carry out his reconstrution plan (Plan to rebuild the South.)
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Social, Economic, and Political Effects of the War
Social EffectsWomen in the North:
They were left in charge of their homes, farms or businesses while the men were away fighting. In the North, women served as nurses or workers in factories during the war. Others rolled bandages or knitted socks at home to send to the soldiers. Women in the South: In the South, women were left to take care of their families and continue running the farms and plantations. In both the North and South, women served as nurses, secretaries, and teachers. Because so many men died in the war, many women had to continue taking care of their families even after the war was over. African Americans: Often former slaves became sharecroppers. Many slaves left the plantation where they had been forced to work. Many slaves left the South and some later returned because it was all they knew. Many African Americans went to search for loved ones. Many started there own community, participated in politics, and got an education. |
Economic EffectsNorth:
The North did not suffer from a lack of food and supplies. The Money in the North held its value and people were able to spend it. The North was able to use their factories to make manufactored goods after the war. They could export the goods through railroads and canals to make money. South: The South was completely destroyed. The South had to free their slaves, and as a result, they lost a lot of money because there was nobody to work in the fields to harvest crops. The money issued by the Confederacy was worthless. Transporation Systems like railroads were destroyed, so it was hard for the South to make money by exporting goods. This made Reconstruction more difficult because it was hard to bring goods into the South. |
Political EffectsSlaves were freed.
The Union was preserved. The North and South were the United States of America. Lincoln was assassinated and could not carry out the reconstrution plan to rebuild the South. The South was eventually rebuilt, but it was not done quickly because Lincoln was killed. |